![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() This article will be divided into four Parts: Part I will consist of authors whose writings promote evidence indicating it’s the burial cloth of Jesus. Position 3): a) forgery using a pigment b) forgery using photography c) produced as a liturgical aid, not as a forger shroud, though it later came to to be considered as the latter Many or most people who fit in the first position tend to believe it would be virtually impossible for a medieval artist to have been talented enough to produce the image on the Shroud. Position 2): a) ancient crucifixion b) medieval crucifixion. Several of the positions have sub-categories: Position 1): a) formed supernaturally in conjunction with the Resurrection b) formed in a way from a dead body c) formed in a way from a live body d) formed in a way possibly with or without the Resurrection. Clearly, the first and third categories are the most common. Most people take one of four positions: 1) that it's the authentic burial cloth of Jesus 2) that it's an authentic burial cloth but not necessarily of Jesus 3) that it's a medieval forgery designed to look like Jesus and 4) that it’s a forgery but post-New Testament times and pre-medieval times. This article will serve two purposes: it will supply needed, detailed information about an important but little-known aspect of Shroud research, and it will also supply additional background information pertaining to the full background history of the 1988 dating.ĭebate continues to rage about the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin. We will look at the documentation related to all of these reported tests. Another one was definitely done in late 1994. The earliest secret Shroud C-14 testing was possibly performed in 1977. The politics and intrigue here are a subset of what I have documented in my soon-to-be-released eight-hundred-page book The 1988 C-14 Dating Of The Shroud of Turin: A Stunning Exposé. Of course, the more samples that existed, the more chance there was that individuals would try to date them. Also little known are the facts that many more Shroud samples exist than previously thought, and that the number and provenance of at least some of the “Raes samples” are open to questions. Gilbert Raes.) However, there are very few people who are aware that there may have been at least two other secret C-14 testings of the Shroud. (It was named after the late Belgian textile expert Prof. Some people are aware that there was a putative secret C-14 test on the Shroud performed in 1982 on a thread of the so-called “Raes sample” extracted from the Shroud in 1973. The bibliography will be updated as needed. Part III will be sources that believe the Shroud is ancient. Part II will be sources that are neutral these entries may not even mention the Shroud but will have application to the Shroud in terms of possibly helping to determine the age of the Shroud. Part I will be sources that believe the Shroud is medieval. The bibliography includes both English and non-English sources. I have also included some papers regarding experiments on textiles, which have applications to dating the Shroud. This bibliography lists the major sources that address the question. The fact that there is not a consensus on this question is one of many puzzling aspects of the cloth. Obviously, if the Shroud were authentic, it would need to fit in with the former category. This procedure of radiocarbon dating has been widely adopted and is considered accurate enough for practical use to study remains up to 50,000 years old.If one examines literature on the Turin Shroud, one will find statements claiming in effect that the 3-1 herringbone weave found on it can only be found in ancient times in the Middle East and also statements that it can be only be found in medieval times in Europe. Libby thus reasoned that by measuring carbon 14 levels in the remains of an organism that died long ago, one could estimate the time of its death. Once an organism is dead, however, no new carbon is actively absorbed by its tissues, and its carbon 14 gradually decays. Because atmospheric carbon 14 arises at about the same rate that the atom decays, Earth's levels of carbon 14 have remained fairly constant. Carbon 14 has a half-life of 5,780 years, and is continuously created in Earth's atmosphere through the interaction of nitrogen and gamma rays from outer space. A very small percentage of carbon, however, consists of the isotope carbon 14, or radiocarbon, which is unstable. Most carbon consists of the isotopes carbon 12 and carbon 13, which are very stable. He first noted that the cells of all living things contain atoms taken in from the organism's environment, including carbon all organic compounds contain carbon. In the late 1940s, American chemist Willard Libby developed a method for determining when the death of an organism had occurred. ![]()
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